Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma: A review of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma comprises three primary source plants: Ardisia crenata Sims, Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., and Ardisia crenata Sims var. bicolor (Walk) C. Y. Wu et C. Chen. These species are prevalent in mid-to-low-latitude regions and are traditionally utilized as herbal medicines in East Asia and India. They have demonstrated notable efficacy in anti-inflammatory properties and possess potential anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic activities.

Aim: This review systematically evaluated the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma to assist future innovative research and facilitate the development of new therapeutic agents.

Materials and methods: Literature was sourced from both library and electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and CNKI. The review focuses on phytochemistry, pharmacological research, and toxicity studies related to Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma.

Results: Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma is traditionally used to treat inflammation and injuries. Current pharmacological studies suggest its potential anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic activities. This review identified approximately 161 compounds in Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma, such as saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, essential oils, lignans, and terpenes.

Conclusions: Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma is a promising medicinal plant resource with a diverse range of specialized metabolites. However, existing research predominately addresses phytochemistry and pharmacological activities, with limited exploration of underlying mechanisms. Further systematic evaluations of its efficacy and clinical safety are required.