Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Carcinoma of the Cervix With Histopathological Correlation in a Tertiary Care Center: Emphasizing the Rise of Adenocarcinoma in the Indian Context

Background and objectives Adenocarcinoma is increasingly being described in the histological profile of cervical cancer, which is a significant alteration in the disease's profile. This study, which highlights the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma in India, attempts to evaluate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological findings in cervical cancer. The goal is to assess the utility of MRI in tumor staging and its consequences for the management of this evolving histological trend. Methods Forty-five patients with cervical cancer were included in a retrospective analysis; they had MRI scans and then histological examinations. We compared the MRI results for tumor size, lymph node involvement, and local invasion with histology, the gold standard for diagnosis. Correlation was evaluated using statistical analysis, which included chi-square tests; a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Magnetic resonance imaging showed good agreement with histology (p = 0.03) and was accurate in detecting lesions restricted to the cervix and parametrial infiltration. On the other hand, there were differences in the diagnosis of pelvic lymphadenopathy, which MRI underreported. Magnetic resonance imaging sensitivity was high for detecting parametrial invasion (88.24%) and for tumor extent (81.82%), but lower for lymph node involvement (56.25%). Compared to 47.06% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, the study found a considerable increase in the number of instances of adenocarcinoma, with 54.55% of cases presenting in advanced stages. This pattern became statistically significant (p < 0.05), emphasizing the tendency of adenocarcinomas to manifest in their later stages. Conclusions When it comes to evaluating local tumor invasion, MRI is a dependable method for staging cervical cancer. However, other diagnostic techniques are required due to their limits in detecting lymphadenopathy. The need for better screening methods specific to this subtype is highlighted by the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma and its propensity for late-stage diagnosis. This will enable early detection and intervention.