Primary percutaneous metal stenting above the ampulla in resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Introduction: We present a case of a patient with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) who underwent primary metal stenting above the ampulla, followed by a successful surgical resection. Biliary drainage is a crucial step in the preoperative management of pCCA, yet there is no consensus on the optimal approach. Traditional drainage methods involve passing through the ampulla and/or the skin barrier, thereby increasing the risk of bacterial contamination of the biliary tree and secondary cholangitis.

Method: A novel drainage technique was utilised in this case. A metal stent was percutaneously placed across the malignant hilar stenosis without external biliary drainage. During the procedure, both guidewires and stents were meticulously prevented from passing through the ampulla. Additionally, percutaneous access to the biliary tree was removed during the index procedure to minimise the risk of biliary colonisation and cholangitis.

Results: Following the drainage, bilirubin levels rapidly normalised, and no clinical or biochemical signs of cholangitis were observed. This allowed for rapid and uncomplicated surgical resection.

Conclusion: This case illustrates the potential of a novel biliary drainage technique in patients with pCCA. By minimising the risk of biliary colonisation and cholangitis, this approach could potentially improve surgical outcomes.