PIEZO1 attenuates Marfan syndrome aneurysm development through TGF-β signaling pathway inhibition via TGFBR2

Background and aims: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary disorder primarily caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene. Its critical cardiovascular manifestation is thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), which poses life-threatening risks. Owing to the lack of effective pharmacological therapies, surgical intervention continues to be the current definitive treatment. In this study, the role of Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) in MFS was investigated and the activation of PIEZO1 was identified as a potential treatment for MFS.

Methods: PIEZO1 expression was detected in MFS mice (Fbn1C1041G/+) and patients. Piezo1 conditional knockout mice in vascular smooth muscle cells of MFS mice (MFS × CKO) was generated, and bioinformatics analysis and experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to investigate the role of Piezo1 in MFS.

Results: PIEZO1 expression decreased in the aortas of MFS mice; MFS × CKO mice showed aggravated TAA, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling, and TGF-β pathway activation compared to MFS mice. Mechanistically, PIEZO1 knockout exacerbated the activation of the TGF-β signalling pathway by inhibiting the endocytosis and autophagy of TGF-β receptor 2 mediated by Rab GTPase 3C. Additionally, the pharmacological activation PIEZO1 through Yoda1 prevented TGF-β signalling pathway activation and reversed TAA in MFS mice.

Conclusions: Piezo1 deficiency aggravates MFS aneurysms by promoting TGF-β signalling pathway activation via TGF-β receptor 2 endocytosis and a decrease in autophagy. These data suggest that PIEZO1 may be a potential therapeutic target for MFS treatment.