Integrated machine learning and physics-based methods assisted de novo design of Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase inhibitors

Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2025 Jan;20(1):123-135. doi: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2432972. Epub 2024 Nov 25.

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has become endemic worldwide. The causative bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is targeted via several exciting drug targets. One newly discovered target is the Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase, which plays a significant role in activating the long-chain fatty acids.

Research design & methods: This study aims to generate novel compounds using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to inhibit this synthase. Experimentally derived bioactive compounds were chosen from ChEMBL and used as inputs for effective molecule generation by Reinvent4. The library of new molecules generated was subjected to a two-tiered molecular docking protocol, and the results were further studied to obtain a binding free energy check.

Results: The ML-based de novo drug design (DNDD) approach successfully generated a diverse library of novel molecules targeting Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase. After rigorous molecular docking and binding free energy analysis, four new compounds were identified as potential lead candidates with promising inhibitory effects on Mtb lipid metabolism.

Conclusions: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of a machine-learning approach in generating novel drug candidates against Mtb. The identified hit compounds show potential as inhibitors of Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase, offering a new avenue for developing treatments for tuberculosis, particularly in combating drug-resistant strains.

Keywords: Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase; de novo drug design (DNDD); kinase inhibitors; machine learning (ML) algorithms; phosphorylation inhibition; virtual screening.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Antitubercular Agents* / pharmacology
  • Coenzyme A Ligases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Coenzyme A Ligases / metabolism
  • Drug Design*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Lipid Metabolism / drug effects
  • Machine Learning*
  • Molecular Docking Simulation*
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis* / drug effects
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis* / enzymology
  • Tuberculosis / drug therapy
  • Tuberculosis / microbiology

Substances

  • Antitubercular Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Coenzyme A Ligases