Alcohol-related liver and extrahepatic malignancies: burden of disease and socioeconomic disparities in 2019

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Feb 1;37(2):198-206. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002882. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

Abstract

Background: Alcohol is linked to various cancers. While many studies have focused on developed countries, the burden of alcohol-related cancers in developing countries remains underexplored.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2000-2019) to assess mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from alcohol-related cancers in low and low-to-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

Results: In 2019, there were 494 730 mortality from alcohol-related cancer. Low and low-middle SDI countries contributed over 15% of global mortality of alcohol-related cancer. Among multiple types of cancer, other pharyngeal cancers in these countries accounted for over 30% of global mortality of alcohol-related cancer. Primary liver cancer exhibited the highest mortality ( n = 16 090) in low and low-middle SDI countries. While deaths and DALYs rates from alcohol-related cancers decreased globally between 2000 and 2019, the related burden increased in low and low-middle SDI countries with a rise in all types of alcohol-related cancers, except for primary liver cancer. The most rapidly growing mortality rates in low SDI were from other pharyngeal cancers (+2.25%), whereas in low-middle SDI countries, colorectal cancer evidenced the highest increase (+2.76%).

Conclusion: The burden from alcohol-related cancer has risen in countries with low and low-to-middle SDI, especially other pharyngeal cancers and colorectal cancer. Policymakers should focus on improving alcohol-related policies as well as screening availability to tackle the associated burden of cancer in resource-constrained countries. However, the difficulty in isolating the impact of alcohol due to limited data on other confounders necessitates caution in interpreting these findings.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking / adverse effects
  • Alcohol Drinking / epidemiology
  • Cost of Illness
  • Developing Countries
  • Disability-Adjusted Life Years
  • Female
  • Global Burden of Disease*
  • Health Status Disparities
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Liver Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms / mortality
  • Risk Factors
  • Socioeconomic Disparities in Health
  • Socioeconomic Factors