Background: This analysis compares the cost-effectiveness of a cell-based influenza vaccine to a recombinant influenza vaccine, and each to no vaccination. The analysis is based on United States (US) commercial and societal perspectives.
Methods: A Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) transmission model of the total US population followed with a cost-effectiveness model for 18-64-year-olds was used to estimate the clinical and economic impact of vaccination over one influenza season (2018-2019). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results: Both enhanced vaccines prevented a substantial number of influenza cases and influenza-related deaths compared to no vaccination. The cell-based vaccine was associated with higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained compared to the recombinant vaccine or no vaccination. The cell-based vaccine had a 36% lower vaccination cost, amounting to $2.8 billion in cost savings, compared to the recombinant vaccine. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the cell-based vaccine, compared to the recombinant vaccine or no vaccination, were dominant from all payer perspectives, regardless of risk groups.
Conclusions: Overall, the cell-based vaccine was cost-saving compared to the recombinant vaccine for subjects aged 18-64 years in the US, achieving comparable health outcomes with a significant reduction in associated costs.
Keywords: United States; cell-based influenza vaccine; cost-effectiveness; recombinant influenza vaccine.