Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options, leading to higher relapse rates and mortality. Identifying prognostic biomarkers like caveolin-1 (CAV1) is crucial for personalized treatment. CAV1 influences tumor progression and chemotherapy response, particularly through its interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer metabolism. Understanding the prognostic value of CAV1 in different cellular compartments is essential for its clinical application in TNBC. In the methods section CAV1 gene expression in TNBC was evaluated using in silico analysis, followed by the immunohistochemical staining of tumor cytoplasm (cCAV1) and stromal cells (sCAV1) in 58 early-stage TNBC patients. Statistical analyses were performed to correlate CAV1 expression with clinicopathological features and survival. In the results section, in silico analysis revealed higher CAV1 expression in TNBC, correlating with shorter overall survival. In the patient samples, cCAV1 was observed in 10.3% of cases, and was associated with larger tumors, higher grades, and poorer prognoses. sCAV1 was detected in 42% of cases, associated with less proliferative and less aggressive tumors, but did not significantly impact prognoses. In conclusion, cCAV1 expression is a significant prognostic marker in early-stage TNBC, highlighting the importance of assessing CAV1 in different cellular compartments. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms and clinical implications of cCAV1.
Keywords: CAV1; TME; TNBC; breast cancer prognosis.