Objective: To explore the protective effect of astaxanthin on acute liver injury induced by α-amanitin in mice. Methods: In June 2023, 42 healthy SPF male Kunming mice were selected. The mice were divided into blank control group, model (0.45 mg/kg α-amanitin) group, olive oil (10 ml/kg olive oil) group, low dose (20 mg/kg) astaxanthin group, medium dose (40 mg/kg) astaxanthin group, high dose (80 mg/kg) astaxanthin group and silybin (20 mg/kg) group by random number table method. Each group had 6 animals. Mice in the blank control group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 ml/kg normal saline, and mice in the other group were injected with α-amanitin. After that, the blank control group and model group were infused with 10 ml/kg normal saline, olive oil group and astaxanthin groups were given olive oil and astaxanthin according to dose by gavage, and silybin group was injected with silybin by dose. The drug was administered once every 12 h for a total of 4 doses. After 60 h, the mice were killed, the liver weight was weighed, and the liver index was calculated. The contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum of mice were detected, and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were also detected. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the difference of indexes among each group, and pairwise comparison was performed by Dunnett-t test. Results: The mice in the blank control group had smooth hair color, good spirit and normal behavior, while the mice in the other groups showed varying degrees of retardation and decreased diet, and no death occurred in each group. Body mass[ (26.67±1.51) g] and liver mass[ (1.23±0.14) g] in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group [ (33.50±2.43) g and (1.87±0.16) g], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The liver index [ (5.39±0.32) %, (5.83±0.30) %, (5.75±0.24) % and (5.78±0.16) %] in low, medium and high dose astaxanthin groups and silybin group were significantly higher than those in model group [ (4.61±0.12) %], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum ALT and AST contents in model group [ (153.04±13.96) U/L and (59.08±4.03) U/L] were significantly higher than those in blank control group [ (13.77±1.29) U/L and (10.21±0.35) U/L], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The contents of CAT, GSH and SOD in liver tissues of model group [ (9.40±2.23) U/mgprot, (3.09±0.26) μmol/gprot and (48.94±3.13) U/mgprot] were significantly lower than those of blank control group [ (26.36±2.92) U/mgprot, (6.76±0.71) μmol/gprot and (89.89±4.17) U/mgprot], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). MDA content[ (6.33±0.24) nmol/mgprot] in liver tissue of model group was significantly higher than that of blank control group [ (0.91±0.21) nmol/mgprot], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The CAT contents[ (18.64±1.76) U/mgprot, (18.20±1.76) U/mgprot, and (15.54±1.36) U/mgprot] in liver tissues of low, medium and high dose astaxanthin groups were significantly higher than those of model group, with statistical significances (P<0.05). Compared with model group, SOD contents[ (72.16±7.44) U/mgprot, (93.18±5.28) U/mgprot, (103.78±7.07) U/mgprot, and (96.60±7.02) U/mgprot] in liver tissues of mice in low, medium and high dose astaxanthin groups and silybin group were significantly increased (P<0.05), MDA contents [ (4.30±0.84) U/mgprot, (3.66±0.28) U/mgprot, (2.96±0.29) U/mgprot, and (2.88±0.39) U/mgprot] were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, GSH content [ (7.90±1.25) μmol/gprot] in high dose astaxanthin group was significantly increased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Astaxanthin may alleviate acute liver injury induced by α-amanitin by alleviating oxidative stress in mice liver.
目的： 探究虾青素对α-鹅膏毒肽致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。 方法： 于2023年6月，选择42只健康SPF级雄性昆明小鼠，采用随机数字表法将小鼠分为空白对照组、模型（0.45 mg/kg α-鹅膏毒肽）组、橄榄油（10 ml/kg橄榄油）组、低剂量（20 mg/kg）虾青素组、中剂量（40 mg/kg）虾青素组、高剂量（80 mg/kg）虾青素组以及水飞蓟宾（20 mg/kg）组，每组6只。空白对照组小鼠通过腹腔注射10 ml/kg生理盐水，其余组小鼠注射α-鹅膏毒肽；之后空白对照组和模型组灌胃10 ml/kg生理盐水，橄榄油组和虾青素组按剂量灌胃橄榄油和虾青素，水飞蓟宾组按剂量注射水飞蓟宾，每12 h给药1次，共给药4次。60 h后处死小鼠，称量肝脏质量，计算肝脏指数；检测小鼠血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）含量，以及肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（reduced glutathione，GSH）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量。采用单因素方差分析比较各组小鼠指标的差异，两两比较采用Dunnett-t检验。 结果： 空白对照组小鼠毛色光滑、精神良好、行为正常，其余组小鼠均出现不同程度的行动迟缓、饮食下降，各组小鼠均未出现死亡。模型组小鼠体质量[（26.67±1.51）g]及肝脏质量[（1.23±0.14）g]均明显低于空白对照组[（33.50±2.43）g和（1.87±0.16）g]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；低、中、高剂量虾青素组和水飞蓟宾组小鼠肝脏指数[（5.39±0.32）%、（5.83±0.30）%、（5.75±0.24）%和（5.78±0.16）%]均明显高于模型组[（4.61±0.12）%]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。模型组小鼠血清中ALT及AST含量[（153.04±13.96）U/L和（59.08±4.03）U/L]均明显高于空白对照组[（13.77±1.29）U/L和（10.21±0.35）U/L]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。模型组小鼠肝脏组织中CAT、GSH和SOD含量[（9.40±2.23）U/mgprot、（3.09±0.26）μmol/gprot和（48.94±3.13）U/mgprot]均明显低于空白对照组[（26.36±2.92）U/mgprot、（6.76±0.71）μmol/gprot和（89.89±4.17）U/mgprot]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；模型组小鼠肝脏组织中MDA含量[（6.33±0.24）nmol/mgprot]明显高于空白对照组[（0.91±0.21）nmol/mgprot]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。低、中、高剂量虾青素组小鼠肝脏组织中CAT含量[（18.64±1.76）（18.20±1.76）和（15.54±1.36）U/mgprot]均明显高于模型组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，低、中、高剂量虾青素组和水飞蓟宾组小鼠肝脏组织中SOD含量[（72.16±7.44）（93.18±5.28）（103.78±7.07）和（96.60±7.02）U/mgprot]均明显升高（P<0.05），MDA含量[（4.30±0.84）（3.66±0.28）（2.96±0.29）和（2.88±0.39）U/mgprot]均明显下降（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，高剂量虾青素组GSH含量[（7.90±1.25）μmol/gprot]明显升高（P<0.05）。 结论： 虾青素可能通过减轻小鼠肝脏氧化应激反应，缓解α-鹅膏毒肽诱导的急性肝损伤。.
Keywords: Astaxanthin; Catalase (CAT); Liver injury; Malondialdehyde (MDA); Mice; Mushroom poisoning; Oxidative stress; Reduced glutathione (GSH); Silybin; Superoxide dismutase (SOD); Transaminases; α-amanitin.