1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
2 Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Opioid Prevention Engagement Network, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
3 Michigan Opioid Prevention Engagement Network, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
4 Michigan Opioid Prevention Engagement Network, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 426 N Ingalls Street, Ann Abor, MI 48109, USA; Opioid Research Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 520, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Planck Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
6 Michigan Opioid Prevention Engagement Network, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Anesthesiology, 1540 E Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
7 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Opioid Prevention Engagement Network, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
8 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.