A systematic review of the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in surgery

Background: Surgeons are likely to encounter patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and should be aware of any associated risks or complications. Here we review the existing literature on GLP-1RA use as it pertains to non-bariatric surgeons.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Three databases were queried for articles discussing the use of GLP-1RAs in a surgical context. Articles went through two rounds of manual screening.

Results: 21 articles were included in analysis, which found that pre-operatively, GLP-1RAs can aid patients in meeting the BMI threshold for surgery. Peri-operatively, GLP-1RAs were associated with improved glycemic control and lower intraoperative insulin use. Complications such as delayed gastric emptying and increased rates of hypoglycemic events were reported.

Conclusion: Surgeons may leverage GLP-1RAs to help prepare patients for surgery and should understand potential surgical complications associated with the use of these medications and to screen preoperative patients appropriately.