Design and synthesis of PDSPTCF as an influential Brønsted-Lewis acidic catalyst for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazines

Wade Ghribi; Muhsen Al-Ibadi; Subbulakshmi Ganesan; M Ravi Kumar; Yashwantsinh Jadeja; Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan; Mamata Chahar; Rajni Verma; I B Sapaev; Abhinav Kumar

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78824-2

Design and synthesis of PDSPTCF as an influential Brønsted-Lewis acidic catalyst for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazines

Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 2;14(1):29907. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78824-2.

Authors

Wade Ghribi¹, Muhsen Al-Ibadi^{2

3}, Subbulakshmi Ganesan⁴, M Ravi Kumar⁵, Yashwantsinh Jadeja⁶, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan^{7

8}, Mamata Chahar⁹, Rajni Verma¹⁰, I B Sapaev^{11

12

13}, Abhinav Kumar^{14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
³ Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University Research Center, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India.
⁷ School of Mechanical Engineering, Rayat Bahra University, Kharar, Punjab, 140103, India.
⁸ Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, PO Box 44, Sohar, PCI 311, Oman.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering and Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
¹⁰ Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, Pin 140307, India.
¹¹ Head of the department «Physics and Chemistry», "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected].
¹² Scientific Researcher, University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, 100149, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected].
¹³ Scientific Researcher, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan. [email protected].
¹⁴ Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002.
¹⁵ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

Abstract

Initially, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)di(sulfonic)pyridinium tetrachloroferrate (PDSPTCF) as a novel organic-inorganic hybrid salt was synthesized and identified by elemental mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, and thermal gravimetric (TG) techniques. Then, the catalytic performance of this hybrid salt was assessed for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction (MDR) of benzene-1,2-diamine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and aldehydes under optimal conditions (70 °C, solvent-free, 5 mol% PDSPTCF) in short reaction times and high yields. Highly efficacy of the PDSPTCF for the production of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines can be assigned to the synergistic effect of Lewis and Brønsted acids, and having two positions of each acid (i.e., FeCl₄- and -SO₃H). In addition, this catalyst showed good reproducibility with six cycles of recycling.

Keywords: 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)di(sulfonic)pyridinium tetrachloroferrate (PDSPTCF); Benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine; Brønsted-Lewis acidic catalyst; Multicomponent domino reactions (MDRs); Organic–inorganic hybrid salt.