Using nutrition to help recovery from infections

Purpose of review: Antibiotics are a cornerstone of modern medicine, but antibiotic consumption can have depleting effects on the gut microbiota, potentially leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and other diseases, namely Clostridioides difficile infection. Because nutrition is a major driver of gut microbiota diversity and function, here we explore the current evidence on the potential of diets in alleviate the deleterious effects of antibiotics consumed during infections.

Recent findings: Beneficial nutrients can enhance the symbiotic effect of the gut microbiota with the host, supporting anti-inflammatory responses and maintaining tight junction integrity. Short-chain fatty acids have been shown to positively affect the immune response, reducing the severity of C. difficile infection, whereas high-fibre diets have been shown to promote faster recovery of the gut microbiota after antibiotic therapy.

Summary: The role of nutrition during infection is gaining momentum, with key findings exploring the effect of some nutrients in limiting the severity of infections and helping the microbiota recover from antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Although this field is in its infancy, these findings open the possibility of personalised nutrition as a way of restoring microbiome diversity. But more work is needed to identify the most effective types and combinations of nutrients to achieve this.