Catapaguroides ngankeeae n. sp., a new diminutive species of Paguridae, is described from shallow reef environments in Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The new species is morphologically similar to C. brevidactylus Komai & Rahayu, 2013 and C. melini de Saint Laurent, 1968, but is distinguished from the two species primarily by the ornamentation of the palm and dactylus of the right cheliped and the length of the right sexual tube in the male. Catapaguroides ngankeeae n. sp. represents the eleventh species of the genus from Japanese waters.