Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study

Shuanghua Xie; Enjie Zhang; Shen Gao; Shaofei Su; Jianhui Liu; Yue Zhang; Yingyi Luan; Kaikun Huang; Minhui Hu; Xueran Wang; Hao Xing; Ruixia Liu; Wentao Yue; Chenghong Yin

doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000003236

Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study

Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Dec 6. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003236. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Shuanghua Xie¹, Enjie Zhang¹, Shen Gao¹, Shaofei Su¹, Jianhui Liu¹, Yue Zhang², Yingyi Luan¹, Kaikun Huang¹, Minhui Hu¹, Xueran Wang¹, Hao Xing¹, Ruixia Liu¹, Wentao Yue², Chenghong Yin³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
² Department of Research Management, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
³ Office of Hospital Administration, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.

PMID: 39648043
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003236

Abstract

Background: The role of inflammation in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has recently become a focus of research. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), novel indices, reflect the body's chronic immune-inflammatory state. This study aimed to investigate the associations between the SII or SIRI and GDM.

Methods: A prospective birth cohort study was conducted at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from from February 2018 to December 2020, recruiting participants in their first trimester of pregnancy. Baseline SII and SIRI values were derived from routine clinical blood results, calculated as follows: SII = neutrophil (Neut) count × platelet (PLT) count/lymphocyte (Lymph) count, SIRI = Neut count × monocyte (Mono) count/Lymph count, with participants being stratified into quartiles. Follow-up included a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 20-32 weeks of gestation, using the glucose thresholds of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). Logistic regression was used to analyze the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the SII, SIRI, and GDM risk.

Results: Among the 28,124 women included in the study, the average age was 31.8 ± 3.8 years, and 15.76% (4432/28,124) developed GDM. Higher SII and SIRI quartiles were correlated with increased GDM rates, with rates ranging from 12.26% (862/7031) in the lowest quartile to 20.10% (1413/7031) in the highest quartile for the SII ( Ptrend <0.001) and 11.92-19.31% for the SIRI ( Ptrend <0.001). The SII and SIRI were positively correlated with GDM risk. The ORs (95% CIs) of the second, third, and fourth SII quartiles were 1.09 (0.98-1.21), 1.21 (1.09-1.34), and 1.39 (1.26-1.54), respectively. The SIRI findings paralleled the SII outcomes. For the second through fourth quartiles, the ORs (95% CIs) were 1.24 (1.12-1.38), 1.41 (1.27-1.57), and 1.64 (1.48-1.82), respectively. These associations were maintained in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: The SII and SIRI are potential independent risk factors contributing to the onset of GDM.