When you cannot trust what you see: The confounding effect

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Surgery/Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkiye. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ³ Urotherapy Department, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Part of University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁴ Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street and Our Lady's Hospital Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁵ Pediatric Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁶ Department of Paediatric Urology, Evelina London Children's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁷ Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Linz, Austria. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁸ Department of Pediatric Urology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁹ Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ¹⁰ Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, University Hospital Bordeaux, Bordeux, France. Electronic address: [email protected].