The HPV vaccine has the potential to prevent nearly 92% of HPV-related cancer cases, yet its uptake remains suboptimal. While well-documented barriers to HPV vaccine uptake include inadequate knowledge and lack of provider recommendation, religious preferences have emerged as another crucial factor influencing vaccination decisions. This study examined the interrelatedness of religion, beliefs, and HPV vaccination uptake among children among Catholic, Evangelical, and Mainline Protestant parents. A nationally representative survey was conducted among 1,068 U.S. parents from one of three major Christian denominations: Catholic, Evangelical, or Mainline Protestant. We examined the extent to which demographic factors, constructs from the Health Belief Model (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action), and faith-based support variables contributed to HPV vaccination decisions among parents from the specified religious denominations. Among the surveyed parents, 72.3% indicated that their child had received the HPV vaccine, revealing a substantial but incomplete uptake rate. Notably, no statistically significant differences were observed in vaccination rates across the three denominational groups. Perceived HPV vaccine benefits (p < .001), perceived barriers (p < .001) and perceived self-efficacy (p = .013) were strongly associated. Parents reporting that their child's healthcare provider asked them about the vaccine (p < .001) and those more receptive to faith-based support for HPV vaccination (p = .049) were more likely to report child HPV vaccine uptake. To enhance HPV vaccine uptake among the examined religious denominations, strengthening provider-parent communication regarding the HPV vaccine and fostering partnerships between healthcare providers and supportive religious congregations can serve as powerful levers for promoting vaccination acceptance and compliance.
Keywords: HPV vaccine; health belief model; parental vaccine hesitancy; religion; vaccine uptake.