Engaging stakeholders in Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Implementation Research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review protocol

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) present a significant health challenge globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Effective Implementation Research (IR) is vital in addressing this challenge, with stakeholder engagement playing a crucial role. However, the landscape of stakeholder engagement in NCD IR within LMICs faces unique challenges, including resource constraints and power imbalances. Despite these challenges, stakeholder engagement offers substantial benefits, including improved research relevance and sustainability of interventions.

Methods and analysis: This scoping review aims to comprehensively describe the current practices of stakeholder engagement in NCD IR within LMICs. Employing a two-stage screening process and a thematic synthesis approach based on the International Association for Public Participation Spectrum of Public Participation, the review will analyse studies meeting predefined eligibility criteria. A rigorous search strategy will be implemented across identified electronic databases and grey literature sources, including published studies from 2011 to present. Data will be charted using a standardised form, and information regarding study characteristics, NCD focus, LMIC context, stakeholder engagement method and reported outcomes/findings will be collected. This scoping review will follow a standard protocol adhering to the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley to comprehensively map existing evidence on stakeholder engagement in NCD IR within LMICs.

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical considerations involve respecting original authors, maintaining integrity and transparency, managing data ethically and disclosing conflicts of interest. Dissemination will occur through publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, open-access repositories, policy briefs, stakeholder engagement activities and social media platforms.

Registration: This scoping review protocol is registered on Open Science Framework, with the Digital Object Identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/ACQ52, ensuring transparency and accountability in the research process.