Repurposing an epithelial sodium channel inhibitor as a therapy for murine and human skin inflammation

Sci Transl Med. 2024 Dec 11;16(777):eade5915. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade5915. Epub 2024 Dec 11.

Abstract

Inflammatory skin disease is characterized by a pathologic interplay between skin cells and immunocytes and can result in disfiguring cutaneous lesions and systemic inflammation. Immunosuppression is commonly used to target the inflammatory component; however, these drugs are often expensive and associated with side effects. To identify previously unidentified targets, we carried out a nonbiased informatics screen to identify drug compounds with an inverse transcriptional signature to keratinocyte inflammatory signals. Using psoriasis, a prototypic inflammatory skin disease, as a model, we used pharmacologic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization to find that benzamil, the benzyl derivative of the US Food and Drug Administration-approved diuretic amiloride, effectively reversed keratinocyte-driven inflammatory signaling. Through three independent mouse models of skin inflammation (Rac1G12V transgenic mice, topical imiquimod, and human skin xenografts from patients with psoriasis), we found that benzamil disrupted pathogenic interactions between the small GTPase Rac1 and its adaptor NCK1. This reduced STAT3 and NF-κB signaling and downstream cytokine production in keratinocytes. Genetic knockdown of sodium channels or pharmacological inhibition by benzamil prevented excess Rac1-NCK1 binding and limited proinflammatory signaling pathway activation in patient-derived keratinocytes without systemic immunosuppression. Both systemic and topical applications of benzamil were efficacious, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic avenue for treating skin inflammation.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism
  • Amiloride* / analogs & derivatives
  • Amiloride* / pharmacology
  • Amiloride* / therapeutic use
  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Repositioning*
  • Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers / pharmacology
  • Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers / therapeutic use
  • Epithelial Sodium Channels / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Imiquimod
  • Inflammation* / drug therapy
  • Inflammation* / pathology
  • Keratinocytes* / drug effects
  • Keratinocytes* / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Psoriasis / drug therapy
  • Psoriasis / pathology
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction* / drug effects
  • Skin / drug effects
  • Skin / pathology
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein* / metabolism

Substances

  • Amiloride
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
  • Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers
  • benzamil
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • NF-kappa B
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • Epithelial Sodium Channels
  • Imiquimod