Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children at risk of acute myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review

M Morales-Suárez-Varela; C Torrijo Belanche; M Saez; I Peraita-Costa; A Llopis-González

doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102341

Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children at risk of acute myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review

Semergen. 2024 Dec 10;51(2):102341. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102341. Online ahead of print.

Authors

M Morales-Suárez-Varela¹, C Torrijo Belanche², M Saez³, I Peraita-Costa⁴, A Llopis-González⁴

Affiliations

¹ Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.
³ CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
⁴ Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 39662427
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102341

Abstract

While acute myocardial infarction is rare in children, a part of the pediatric population is at a higher risk due to preexisting non-modifiable conditions. To mitigate the risk, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet or sedentary lifestyle should be controlled from childhood, promoting healthy habits from the earliest stages. The primary purpose of this review is to assess the evidence on lifestyle/nutrition related modifiable risk factor intervention on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in children found in four databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and WoS. After screening, 29 of 272 articles assessed met the inclusion criteria. We found evidence that a healthy lifestyle, including an adequate dietary pattern and good eating habits in childhood, reduces the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction. The data retrieved from this review are consistent with the hypothesis that a healthy lifestyle might contribute lower the risk of acute myocardial infarction in at-risk children.

Keywords: Children; Diet; Dieta; Estilo de vida; Infarto de miocardio; Lifestyle; Myocardial infarction; Niños; Nutrición; Nutrition; Prevención; Prevention.

Publication types

Review