Impact of strength training on reducing risk of fractures in people living with Human Immunodeficiency virus

Background: The progression of HIV and prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) lead to secondary changes in patients, such as reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which increases the susceptibility to fractures and, consequently, the associated morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the impact of strength training on the risk of fractures in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV).

Methods: Sixteen HIV-positive men with lipodystrophy syndrome, under ART, aged 40-70 years, inactive for three months, were included. They underwent 12 weeks of strength training (36 sessions) and were evaluated before and after for fracture risk and femoral neck BMD using FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment) and DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry), respectively, along with body composition. Comparative statistical analyses were conducted.

Results: The results showed a reduction in the risk of major fractures by 24.79% (p = 0.009) and of femoral neck fractures by 72.85% (p = 0.004). There was a significant increase in femoral neck BMD by 11.69% (p = 0.001) and in the T-score by 7.94% (p = 0.002), inversely correlating with fracture risk. Total muscle mass increased by 3.79% (p = 0.011) and lower limb bone mass by 3.55% (p = 0.028), positively correlating with BMD and T-score.

Conclusion: It was concluded that a short period of training (12 weeks) reduced the risk of fractures in PLHIV. However, further research is needed to support evidence-based clinical practices.