Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins roles in the regulation of immune system responses: Focus on autoimmune diseases

Exp Cell Res. 2025 Jan 15;444(2):114379. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114379. Epub 2024 Dec 10.

Abstract

The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are well-studied as essential modulators of many processes, including the modulation of several pathways linked to immunological reactions. Most TRIM family members can polyubiquitinate the targeted proteins by acting as E3 ubiquitin ligases. According to current research, TRIMs play a critical role in innate immune response via modifying transcription factors, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and key adaptor proteins within innate immunity. It is becoming clearer that TRIMs play important roles in adaptive immune response, especially in the stimulation and promotion of T cells. We highlight the E3 ubiquitin ligase functions of TRIMs in the PRRs axis linked to autoimmune disorders. By focusing on TRIM family members, we also clarify the new approaches to regulating immunological reactions to alleviate autoimmunity.

Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; E3 ubiquitin ligase; NLRs; TLRs; TRIM.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immune System / immunology
  • Immune System / metabolism
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / immunology
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / metabolism
  • Tripartite Motif Proteins* / immunology
  • Tripartite Motif Proteins* / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / immunology
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism

Substances

  • Tripartite Motif Proteins
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition