Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Tuberculosis by Decompression and Posterior Stabilization with Pedicle Screw Fixation

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health problem. While chemotherapy is the primary treatment, surgery is necessary in some cases. This study investigates the posterior approach for treating thoracolumbar spinal TB with neurological involvement.

Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 75 patients with thoracolumbar TB and neurological deficits. All underwent posterior decompression and stabilization using pedicle screw fixation. Pre and post-operative neurological status, pain scores, and kyphotic angle were assessed.

Discussion: The posterior approach demonstrated advantages over the traditional anterior approach. It facilitated decompression, improved neurological function, and corrected spinal deformity. Posterior fixation allowed early mobilization, reducing complications from prolonged bed rest. These findings align with previous research supporting the posterior approach for spinal TB.

Conclusion: The posterior approach with decompression and pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective surgical method for thoracolumbar spinal TB with neurological involvement. It offers good clinical outcomes, minimizes complications, and facilitates faster patient recovery.