Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of bio-composites: Synergistic integration of ZnO nanofillers and nanocrystalline cellulose into durian seed starch matrix

Femiana Gapsari; Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto; Afifah Harmayanti; Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman; Christina Wahyu Kartikowati; Kartika A Madurani; Widya Wijayanti; Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa; Suchart Siengchin

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138571

Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of bio-composites: Synergistic integration of ZnO nanofillers and nanocrystalline cellulose into durian seed starch matrix

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec 19:290:138571. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138571. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Femiana Gapsari¹, Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto², Afifah Harmayanti³, Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman³, Christina Wahyu Kartikowati⁴, Kartika A Madurani⁵, Widya Wijayanti³, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa⁶, Suchart Siengchin⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
⁶ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
⁷ Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand.

PMID: 39674464
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138571

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable materials necessitates advancements in bio-composites with enhanced properties. This study addresses the limitations of Durio zibethinus Murr (DZM) seed starch bio-composites, particularly their poor mechanical strength and thermal stability. Using solution casting, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were incorporated into the starch matrix. The optimized composite with 0.4 g ZnO exhibited a significant improvement in crystallinity (79.40 %), tensile strength (0.44 MPa), and thermal stability (15.54 % residual mass). These findings highlight the potential of the developed bio-nanocomposites for applications in food packaging and medical devices, combining enhanced durability with environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Durio zibethinus seed starch; Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC); Zinc oxide (ZnO).