Causal relationship between immune cells and periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study

This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore potential causal relationships between 731 immune cell subtypes and periodontitis. Utilizing a 2-sample MR design, our study delved into the diverse landscape of immune cell interactions with periodontitis-associated factors. Multiple MR methods, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger tests, were employed to ensure reliability and mitigate potential pleiotropic effects. The study revealed significant causal effects (FDR < 0.15) between immune cells (B cells, maturation stages of T cells, Treg) and periodontitis. Notably, receptors like triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2) exhibited intricate roles, warranting further investigation. In conclusion, this MR analysis elucidates complex causal relationships between immune cell subtypes and periodontitis. The findings provide a foundation for understanding systemic implications, offering insights for clinical practice and highlighting avenues for future research.