Transformation behavior and toxicity assessment of beaytlmethodeyammonNium chbride (BAC-12) disinfectant during hospital wastewater treatment

Ruixue Guo; Jingjing Zhang; Jiaoqin Liu; Haifa E Alfassam; Hassan A Rudayni; Ahmed A Allam; Ruijuan Qu; Zongli Huo; Feng Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143981

Transformation behavior and toxicity assessment of beaytlmethodeyammonNium chbride (BAC-12) disinfectant during hospital wastewater treatment

Chemosphere. 2024 Dec 20:370:143981. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143981. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ruixue Guo¹, Jingjing Zhang², Jiaoqin Liu², Haifa E Alfassam³, Hassan A Rudayni⁴, Ahmed A Allam⁵, Ruijuan Qu¹, Zongli Huo⁶, Feng Zhu⁷

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
² School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030051, PR China.
³ Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, 65211 Egypt.
⁶ Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.172 Jiangsu Road, Jiangsu Nanjing 210003, PR China.
⁷ Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.172 Jiangsu Road, Jiangsu Nanjing 210003, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 39694282
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143981

Abstract

This work focused on the transformation behavior of the emerging beaytlmethodeyammonium chbride (BAC-12) disinfectant existed in the treatment of medical sewage during its disinfection treatment. The degradation ability of ozone (O₃) to BAC-12 was the best, followed by UV/NaOCl, UV, and NaOCl. The enhancement of BAC-12 in UV/NaOCl system is caused by the combined effect of UV photolysis, reactive chlorine species (RCS), and •OH. The transformation products of BAC-12 in the disinfection treatment were detected, and the chemical structure of products was rationalized by frontier molecular orbital and transition state theory methodologies. According to the ecological structure-activity relationship (ECOSAR) assessment, the intermediates of BAC-12 in UV, NaOCl, and UV/NaOCl treatments had lower half lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and chronic toxicity (ChV) values with a higher ecotoxicity than BAC-12. O₃ disinfection treatment of these toxic intermediates can significantly reduce the toxicity of the BAC-12 solution. This work provides necessary information on the potential environmental risks of BAC-12 arising from different disinfection methods in the treatment of medical wastewater.

Keywords: Beaytlmethodeyammonium chbride; Disinfectant; Sodium hypochlorite; Toxicity assessment; Transformation behavior; UV-Irradiation.