Preventive efficacy of six monthly doses of NexGard® PLUS or Simparica Trio® against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate (JYD-34) of Dirofilaria immitis and of a single dose of NexGard PLUS against a susceptible isolate

Parasit Vectors. 2024 Dec 18;17(1):519. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06603-z.

Abstract

Background: Two studies were conducted assessing the efficacy of NexGard® PLUS (NP) in preventing heartworm disease. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of six monthly doses of NP or Simparica Trio® (ST) against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, and study 2 evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of NP against a susceptible isolate.

Methods: In two studies, dogs that were negative for heartworms by antigen test and modified Knott's test were used. In study 1, dogs were randomly allocated into three treatment groups (n = 6/group): negative control, NP per label instructions, and ST per label instructions. Dogs were inoculated with 50 third-stage D. immitis larvae (JYD-34 isolate) on day -30. NP and ST were administered orally on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. A necropsy was performed on day 180 for adult heartworm recovery. In study 2, dogs were randomly allocated into two treatment groups (n = 10/group): negative control and NP. Dogs were inoculated with 50 third-stage larvae (SC-20 isolate) on day -30. NP was administered orally once on day 0 to target the minimum moxidectin label dose. A necropsy was performed on day 120 for adult heartworm recovery.

Results: For study 1, all control dogs had adult heartworms at necropsy (geometric mean, 39.7; range, 28-48). Two of the NP-treated dogs had one live worm, and one of the ST-treated dogs had one live worm. Both treated groups were significantly different from the control group with an efficacy of 99.5% for NP and 99.8% for ST (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference (P = 0.8797) between the groups treated with NP and ST. For study 2, all control dogs had adult heartworms (geometric mean, 34.5; range 26-43). None of the dogs treated with NP had live adult worms (efficacy of 100%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The results of study 1 demonstrated that NexGard® PLUS and Simparica Trio® administered at the label dose provided comparable efficacy against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate of D. immitis. The results of study 2 demonstrated that NexGard® PLUS administered once near the minimum label dose was 100% effective against a susceptible isolate.

Keywords: Dirofilaria immitis; Canine; Macrocyclic lactone-resistant JYD-34 isolate; Moxidectin; Prevention; Susceptible SC-20 isolate.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dirofilaria immitis* / drug effects
  • Dirofilariasis* / parasitology
  • Dirofilariasis* / prevention & control
  • Dog Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Dog Diseases* / parasitology
  • Dog Diseases* / prevention & control
  • Dogs
  • Drug Resistance
  • Female
  • Filaricides* / administration & dosage
  • Lactones / administration & dosage
  • Lactones / pharmacology
  • Macrolides / administration & dosage
  • Macrolides / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Filaricides
  • Lactones
  • moxidectin
  • Macrolides