Zinc-based radioenhancers to activate tumor radioimmunotherapy by PD-L1 and cGAS-STING pathway

J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Dec 19;22(1):782. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02999-z.

Abstract

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy have already become the primary form of treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but are limited by high radiotherapy dose and low immune response rate. Herein, a multi-pronged strategy using a radio-immuno-enhancer (ZnO-Au@mSiO2) is developed by inducing tumor cells apoptosis and reprograming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The radio-immuno-enhancer employed Au as a radiosensitizer, transition Zn ions as immune activators, which not only tremendously enhances the anti-proliferative activity of radiotherapy toward cancer cells, but also activates the immune response with multi-targets to let "exhausted" T cells "back to life" by triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) that target PD-1/PD-L1 and cGAS-STING under X-ray irradiation with a low dosage. The in vivo results demonstrate desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of radio-immuno-enhancer-mediated immune activation by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and helper T cells. This work provides a feasible approach for future development of effective transition metal ion-activated radio-immunotherapeutic agents.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B7-H1 Antigen* / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / immunology
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / radiotherapy
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / therapy
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Female
  • Gold / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Lung Neoplasms / therapy
  • Membrane Proteins* / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Nucleotidyltransferases* / metabolism
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / pharmacology
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / therapeutic use
  • Radioimmunotherapy* / methods
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects
  • Zinc* / pharmacology

Substances

  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Nucleotidyltransferases
  • Zinc
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
  • Gold