Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy

Kurtis Borne; Jordan T O'Neal; Jun Wang; Erik Isele; Razib Obaid; Nora Berrah; Xinxin Cheng; Philip H Bucksbaum; Justin James; Andrei Kamalov; Kirk A Larsen; Xiang Li; Ming-Fu Lin; Yusong Liu; Agostino Marinelli; Adam M Summers; Emily Thierstein; Thomas J A Wolf; Daniel Rolles; Peter Walter; James P Cryan; Taran Driver

doi:10.1063/5.0223334

Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy

Rev Sci Instrum. 2024 Dec 1;95(12):125110. doi: 10.1063/5.0223334.

Authors

Kurtis Borne^{1

2}, Jordan T O'Neal^{3

4}, Jun Wang^{3

5}, Erik Isele^{2

3

5}, Razib Obaid², Nora Berrah⁶, Xinxin Cheng², Philip H Bucksbaum^{3

4

5}, Justin James², Andrei Kamalov^{2

3}, Kirk A Larsen^{2

3}, Xiang Li², Ming-Fu Lin², Yusong Liu^{2

3}, Agostino Marinelli³, Adam M Summers², Emily Thierstein^{3

4}, Thomas J A Wolf^{2

3}, Daniel Rolles^{1

2

3}, Peter Walter², James P Cryan^{2

3}, Taran Driver^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
² SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
³ Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
⁴ Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
⁵ Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
⁶ Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.

PMID: 39704606
DOI: 10.1063/5.0223334

Abstract

We describe the design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) for high-energy electron spectroscopy. Our design features a 2 m long electron drift tube and electrostatic retardation lens, achieving sub-electronvolt (eV) electron kinetic energy resolution for high energy (several hundred eV) electrons with a close to 4π collection solid angle. A segmented anode electron detector enables the simultaneous collection of photoelectron spectra in high resolution and high collection efficiency modes. This versatile instrument is installed at the time-resolved molecular and optical sciences instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). In this paper, we demonstrate its high resolution, collection efficiency, and spatial selectivity in measurements where it is coupled to an XFEL source. These combined characteristics are designed to enable high-resolution time-resolved measurements using x-ray photoelectron, absorption, and Auger-Meitner spectroscopy. We also describe the pervasive artifact in MBES time-of-flight spectra that arises from a periodic modulation in electron collection efficiency and present a robust analysis procedure for its removal.

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