Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes

Kavya G Sundar; Lanbo Z Yang; Mary C Cambou; Ivana R S Varella; Marineide G Melo; Eddy R Segura; Ângela P Ziegler; Breno R Santos; Karin Nielsen-Saines

doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000004562

Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025 Jan 1;44(1):40-43. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004562. Epub 2024 Oct 10.

Authors

Kavya G Sundar¹, Lanbo Z Yang², Mary C Cambou^{3

4}, Ivana R S Varella⁵, Marineide G Melo⁶, Eddy R Segura⁷, Ângela P Ziegler⁵, Breno R Santos⁶, Karin Nielsen-Saines⁸

Affiliations

¹ From Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
³ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
⁴ Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Sistema Único de Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁶ Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Sistema Único de Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁷ Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

PMID: 39705405
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004562

Abstract

From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.0%) and loss to follow-up before HIV diagnosis (12.9%). Timing of maternal HIV diagnosis was not associated with AIO but absent antiretroviral therapy use was. Lack of maternal antiretroviral therapy use is a significant risk factor for AIO.

MeSH terms

Adult
Anti-HIV Agents / adverse effects
Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use
Anti-Retroviral Agents / adverse effects
Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use
Brazil / epidemiology
Female
HIV Infections* / drug therapy
HIV Infections* / transmission
HIV Seropositivity / drug therapy
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical* / prevention & control
Male
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious* / drug therapy
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Young Adult

Substances

Anti-Retroviral Agents
Anti-HIV Agents

Abstract

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding