Epidemiological landscape of tongue cancer in younger patients in a National Cancer Center in Brazil

Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 20;14(1):30573. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83470-9.

Abstract

This study investigates the changing epidemiological profile of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to young patients, highlighting its rising incidence among non-traditional risk groups. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, covering data from medical records between 2000 and 2012. Patients were categorised into two age groups (≤ 40 years; 41-50 years). Sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. A total of 108 patients participated, mostly aged 41-50. Alcohol consumption (43.3%) surpassed smoking. Majority (56.7%) aged ≤ 40 never smoked. Lateral tongue border was most affected, with stages III and IV prevalent. Patients aged ≤ 40 were mostly eligible for surgery (44%). Survival tied to staging and surgery; age had no significant impact. Young squamous cell carcinoma patients often lacked traditional risk factors like smoking, underwent surgery, and typically had disease-free margins. The study underscores the importance of broad external policies for early diagnosis, beyond just traditional risk groups.

Keywords: Oral cancer; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Survival; Tongue cancer; Young patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Alcohol Drinking / adverse effects
  • Alcohol Drinking / epidemiology
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / adverse effects
  • Smoking / epidemiology
  • Tongue Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Tongue Neoplasms* / pathology