Objective: This study aimed to analyze the test results and changing trend of specific IgE (sIgE) for common allergens in children in the hospital from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in children. Methods: The test results of children who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University and underwent serum allergen sIgE quantitative detection (Immuno CAP system) from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were retrospectively included. According to the allergen type, the allergens were divided into food allergens and inhaled allergens (dust mite group, mold group, animal dander group and pollen group). The trends in sIgE positive rates across different years, age-related differences, and monthly distribution characteristics were analyzed. Results: A total of 44 633 allergen sIgE quantitative test results were included in the study. Among them, 23 024 samples were tested for food allergen sIgE and 21 609 samples were tested for inhaled allergen sIgE. The positive rates of food allergens (egg white, milk, wheat, peanut, soybean, shrimp) sIgE increased year by year, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=97.3, 78.9, 95.6, 122.4, 84.7, 24.5, P<0.001). The positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE also increased year by year, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=36.2, 326.2, 432.2, 973.2, P<0.001). There were significant differences in the sensitization patterns of food and inhaled allergens among different age groups. The most common food allergen was egg white in infant group (<1 year old) (23.0%), milk in young children group (1-2 years old) (40.7%), and egg white in preschool group (3-6 years old) (28.8%). Peanut was the most common allergen in school-age group (7-12 years old) and adolescent group (13-18 years old) (16.9% and 14.1%, respectively). Among the inhaled allergens, animal dander (3.6%) was the most common allergen in the infant group (<1 year old), and mold (15.3%) was the most common allergen in the young child group (1-2 years old). The most common allergens in preschool group (3-6 years old), school-age group (7-12 years old) and adolescent group (13-18 years old) were pollen (39.7%, 53.0%, 53.5%). There were significant differences in the positive rates of inhaled allergens (dust mite, mold, animal dander, pollen) sIgE in the 12 months of 2023 (χ2=26.9, 26.7, 56.7, 55.5, P=0.005, 0.005,<0.001,<0.001). The positive rate of pollen sIgE was the highest, with peaks in April (54.8%) and September (60.5%). The positive rate of sIgE for molds peaks in June (46.4%). Conclusion: The trends in sIgE levels among children visiting Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from 2019 to 2023, suggests to a certain extent that the prevalence of allergic diseases among children in Beijing City is increasing annually. There were significant age differences in sIgE sensitization patterns among children of different ages, and the distribution of sIgE positive rates for inhaled allergens was also different in different months. In clinical practice, the allergen test report is interpreted comprehensively according to the patient's medical history, age, visit month and other factors.
目的： 分析2019—2023年医院就诊儿童常见过敏原特异性IgE（specific IgE，sIgE）检测结果及变化趋势，旨在为儿童过敏性疾病诊疗提供依据和参考。 方法： 回顾性纳入2019年1月1日至2023年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院就诊并进行血清过敏原sIgE定量检测（Immuno CAP系统）的患儿的检测结果，按照过敏原类型将过敏原分为食物过敏原和吸入过敏原（尘螨组、霉菌组、动物皮屑组和花粉组）。分析过敏原sIgE阳性率在不同年份的变化趋势，年龄差异性及月份分布特征。统计学方法组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果： 研究共纳入44 633例次过敏原sIgE定量检测结果。其中食物过敏原sIgE定量检测23 024例次，吸入过敏原sIgE定量检测21 609例次。食物过敏原（鸡蛋白、牛奶、小麦、花生、大豆、虾）过敏原sIgE阳性率均呈逐年上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（χ2=97.3、78.9、95.6、122.4、84.7、24.5，P<0.001）。吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率亦呈逐年上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（χ2=36.2、326.2、432.2、973.2，P<0.001）。不同年龄组间食物和吸入过敏原致敏模式存在明显差异。食物过敏原中，婴儿组（<1岁）首位致敏过敏原为鸡蛋白（23.0%），幼儿组（1~2岁）首位致敏过敏原为牛奶（40.7%），学龄前组（3~6岁）首位致敏过敏原为鸡蛋白（28.8%），学龄组（7~12岁）和青春期组（13~18岁）首位致敏过敏原为花生（16.9%、14.1%）。吸入过敏原中，婴儿组（<1岁）最常见致敏过敏原为动物皮屑（3.6%），幼儿组（1~2岁）最常见致敏过敏原为霉菌（15.3%），学龄前组（3~6岁）、学龄组（7~12岁）、青春期组（13~18岁）最常见致敏过敏原为花粉（39.7%、53.0%、53.5%）。2023年12个月份吸入过敏原（尘螨、霉菌、动物皮屑、花粉）sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义（χ2=26.9、26.7、56.7、55.5，P=0.005、0.005、<0.001、<0.001）。花粉sIgE阳性率最高，在4月份（54.8%）和9月份（60.5%）存在高峰。霉菌sIgE阳性率在6月份（46.4%）存在高峰。 结论： 2019—2023年首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院就诊儿童的过敏原sIgE变化趋势在一定程度上提示北京地区儿童过敏性疾病患病率呈逐年升高趋势。不同年龄儿童的过敏原sIgE致敏模式存在显著年龄差异，不同月份的吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率分布亦有不同。临床实践中应根据病史结合患者年龄、就诊月份等因素，综合解读过敏原检测报告。.