Objective: To study the correlation between myopia growth and physical development of primary school student in Shihezi area of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region by measuring the ocular biometry and physical parameters of the eye, and to provide an objective basis for the development of myopia prevention and control. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The Grade 1-6 students from 33 schools in Shihezi area were randomly selected in October 2023. The children were classified according to age into the low age group (6-9 years) and the high age group (10-13 years).The children's height, weight, axial length (AL), maximum keratometry (steepest keratometry, K1), and minimum keratometry (flattest keratometry, K1) were measured. The body mass index (BMI), keratometric astigmatism (ΔK), mean keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR) and AL/CR were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed between ocular biometry and physical parameters. LASSO regression analysis was used to screen the best variables, and linear regression models were constructed after adjusting for confounding factors of age and sex. Results: A total of 3 986 children aged 6-13 years were included in this study, including 2 094 boys (52.53%) and 1 892 girls (47.47%); 2 162 in the lower age group and 1 824 in the upper age group. Girls had higher K, ΔK and AL/CR values than boys (43.38 D vs 42.7 D, t=-7.84,P<0.01; 1.1 D vs 1.01 D, t=-2.14,P=0.03; 2.97 vs 2.96, t=3.32,P=0.02). Boys had higher AL, height, weight and BMI than girls (23.47 mm vs 23.02 mm, t=13.77,P<0.01; 1.34 m vs 1.33 m, t=3.02,P=0.03; 32 kg vs 29.5 kg, t=7.82,P<0.01; 17.4 vs 16.52, t=10.36, P<0.01). LASSO regression was used to screen the 3 physical parameter variables (height, weight, and BMI) to determine that height was the best physical parameter variable for AL/CR. After adjusting for confounders, it was shown that in the low age group (6-9 years), there was a significant positive correlation between children's height and AL/CR (b=0.174, 95%CI: 0.106 to 0.241, P<0.001), whereas in the high age group (10-13 years), there was no correlation between children's height and AL/CR (b=0.086, 95%CI:-0.038 to 0.21, P=0.174). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between height and myopia growth in the lower age group of children in Shihezi area, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; there was no correlation between height and myopia growth in the higher age group.
目的： 通过测量眼球生物学和体格相关参数，探讨新疆石河子地区学龄期儿童近视增长与体格发育的相关性，为近视预防与控制工作的开展提供客观依据。 方法： 采用横断面研究设计。首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院眼科于2023年10月在新疆石河子地区用直接抽选法随机抽样选取了33所学校的一至六年级学生。根据年龄分为低年龄组（6~9岁）和高年龄组（10~13岁）。测量了儿童的身高、体重、眼轴长度（axial length，AL）、最大角膜屈光度（steepest keratometry，K1）及最小角膜屈光度（flattest keratometry，K2），并计算了体质指数（body mass index，BMI）、角膜散光（keratometric astigmatism，ΔK）、角膜屈光度（mean keratometry，K）、角膜曲率（corneal radius，CR）和轴率比（axial length/corneal radius ratio，AL/CR）。对眼球生物学参数与身体参数进行相关性分析。采用LASSO回归分析筛选出最佳变量，在调整了年龄和性别的混杂因素后，构建线性回归模型。 结果： 本研究共纳入6~13岁儿童3 986例，其中男孩2 094例（52.53%），女孩1 892例（47.47%）；低年龄组2 162例、高年龄组1 824例。女孩的K、ΔK和AL/CR 值均高于男孩（43.38 D vs 42.7 D，t=-7.84，P<0.01；1.1 D vs 1.01 D，t=-2.14，P=0.03；2.97 vs 2.96，t=3.32，P=0.02），男孩的AL、身高、体重和BMI均高于女孩（23.47 mm vs 23.02 mm，t=13.77，P<0.01；1.34 m vs 1.33 m，t=3.02，P=0.03；32 kg vs 29.5 kg，t=7.82，P<0.01；17.4 vs 16.52，t=10.36，P<0.01）。用LASSO回归对3个身体参数变量（身高、体重、BMI）进行筛选，确定身高是对于AL/CR最佳的身体参数变量。调节混杂因素后，显示低年龄组（6~9岁），儿童的身高与AL/CR之间具有显著的正相关性（b=0.174，95%CI：0.106~0.241，P<0.001）；而高年龄组（10~13岁），儿童的身高与AL/CR之间不具有相关性（b=0.086，95%CI：-0.038~0.21，P=0.174）。 结论： 新疆石河子地区的低年龄组儿童的身高与近视增长呈显著正相关；高年龄组儿童的身高与近视增长无相关性。.