Objective: To analyze the effect of Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and Black stain (BS) on the microbial community of dental plaque. Methods: A total of 136 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old from 12 kindergartens in Shinan District and Shibei District of Qingdao City were investigated by using a cluster sampling method from April to May 2019. They were divided into two groups based on oral examination: the early childhood caries (ECC) group and the caries-free (CF) group. According to whether they had IDA and BS, they were further divided into four groups: the IDA with caries (IDA-ECC) group, the non-IDA with caries (NIDA-ECC) group, the BS without caries (BS-CF) group and the non-BS without caries (NBS-CF) group. The gingival plaque of the study subjects was collected. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The composition, community structure and different bacteria genera of the microbial communities between the groups were compared and analyzed. Potential biomarkers within each group were further identified by linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe). Results: The 136 children were aged (5.11±0.87) years old, with 80 boys (58.82%). There were statistically significant differences in the microbial composition, structure and function of oral plaque between the ECC and CF groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the microbial richness and diversity of oral plaque between the IDA-ECC and NIDA-ECC groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in microbial diversity index between the BS-CF and NBS-CF groups (P>0.05). The LEfSe analysis results showed that 41, 31 and 9 taxa with different relative abundance were identified between the ECC and CF groups, IDA-ECC and NIDA-ECC groups, and BS-CF and NBS-CF groups, respectively. Conclusion: IDA and BS have an effect on the microecological diversity and microbial community function of oral plaque in young children with early childhood caries.
目的： 分析缺铁性贫血（IDA）和牙面黑色素沉着（BS）对于口腔微生物菌群的影响。 方法： 采用整群抽样方法，于2019年4—5月对青岛市市南区和市北区的12所幼儿园内136名3~6岁的学龄前儿童进行流行病学调查，通过口腔检查将其分为低龄儿童龋病（ECC）组和无龋（CF）组，进一步按是否患有缺铁性贫血和黑色素沉着将其分为缺铁性贫血并发龋病（IDA ECC）组和非缺铁性贫血并发龋病（NIDA ECC）组、黑色素沉着无龋（BS CF）组和无黑色素沉着无龋（NBS CF）组。采集研究对象龈上菌斑，采用高通量测序技术进行16S rRNA基因测序，对比分析组间微生物群落的菌群组成、群落结构和差异菌属等。通过线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）进一步寻找各组内潜在的生物标记物。 结果： 136名儿童年龄为（5.11±0.87）岁，男童80例（58.82%）。ECC与CF组两组间的口腔菌斑微生物组成结构和细菌功能差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），IDA ECC 与 NIDA ECC 组两组内的口腔菌斑微生物丰富度和多样性差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），BS CF与NBS CF组微生物多样性指数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。LEfSe分析结果显示，ECC与CF组、IDA ECC与NIDA ECC组、BS CF与NBS CF组间分别鉴定出了41、31、9个相对丰度有差异的分类群。 结论： 缺铁性贫血和黑色素沉着对患低龄儿童龋病的儿童口腔菌斑微生态多样性、菌群功能等产生了影响。.