"Putting yourself in the shoes of others" - Relatability as a novel measure to explain the difference in stigma toward depression and schizophrenia

Purpose: Attitudes toward schizophrenia and depression have evolved differently over the last decades, exposing people with schizophrenia to growing stigma. Classic descriptions of schizophrenia symptoms as being particularly unrelatable might offer an explanation for this gap in attitudes that has not yet been tested. We examine to what extent relatability explains the difference in social distance toward people with depression or schizophrenia.

Methods: We developed the 8-item "Relatability Scale", measuring to what extent people can relate to someone described as having either depression or schizophrenia, and used it in an online quota sample of 550 respondents in Germany. Beyond, we elicited the desire for social distance, continuum beliefs, emotional reactions, perceived dangerousness, general empathy, and previous contact.

Results: The Relatability Scale showed good psychometric properties and construct validity. Differences in relatability alone explained 63.6% of this difference in social distance between depression and schizophrenia. Adding continuum beliefs increased this amount to 83.0%. All other variables combined explained 53.2% of the difference in social distance between disorders.

Conclusion: Differences in both relatability and continuum beliefs seem key to understanding different reactions to someone with depression or schizophrenia. Anti-stigma interventions could be optimized in order to increase relatability and continuum beliefs particularly regarding people with severe, psychotic mental disorders.