Analysis of uric acid and high-density lipoprotein levels in refractory posner-schlossman syndrome patients: a matched case-control study by the propensity score

Background: Recent studies have indicated that oxidative stress is a crucial pathophysiological process in glaucoma. We hypothesized that Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) is a vascular inflammation in the ciliary body due to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated serum uric acid (UA) and lipid levels in patients with refractory PSS with the aim of providing basic evidence for the mechanism of PSS.

Methods: This is a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 81 refractory PSS and 409 control participants were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were reviewed using an electronic medical system. Propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce demographic differences. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test were used to assess the differences between the PSS and control groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of PSS.

Results: The higher serum UA (364.14 ± 98.72µmol/L vs. 322.38 ± 72.09µmol/L), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) / High-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (2.50 ± 0.97 vs. 1.95 ± 0.72) and lower HDL (1.29 ± 0.32 mmol/L vs. 1.59 ± 0.38 mmol/L) can be noticed in refractory PSS than control group. Logistics regression identified UA > 420 µmol/L (OR = 4.461) and the HDL < 1.03 mmol/L (OR = 3.896) were the independent risk factors for refractory PSS.

Conclusions: Increasing serum UA and decreasing HDL levels were positively correlated with the incidence risk of refractory PSS. Further prospective longitudinal studies and animal models are needed.