Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, as children may present developmental and chronic impairments in cognitive-emotional and sensory-motor aspects. This study examined the changes in self-efficacy, muscle tone, and mood following a single session of Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) within Attention Skills Therapy (ASTride) intervention, designed to improve emotional and cognitive functions. Notably, 31 children diagnosed with ADHD aged 6-12 (mean age 10.06) years. A preliminary study of pre- and post-single 45-min session was performed, using the New General Self-efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Moos Scale Questionnaire (MSQ), and the prone extension test. A significant improvement in self-efficacy and in positive mood, and a decrease in negative mood were found, along with a significant improvement in core muscles. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of EAOT for children with ADHD regarding emotional and sensory-motor (vestibular) functions.
Keywords: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; children; emotional functions; equine-assisted services; equine-assisted therapy; motor functions.
Improving Emotional and Motor Skills in Children with ADHD through Equine-Assisted Occupational TherapyChildren with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with emotional and motor challenges, including difficulties with regulating their mood and maintaining motor control. Traditional treatments such as medication and therapy focus on cognitive and emotional skills, but there is increasing interest in complementary interventions that can address both physical and emotional aspects simultaneously. One such approach is Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT), which involves working with horses to promote emotional regulation, motor coordination, and overall well-being. This study explores the effects of a single session of EAOT, using the ASTride protocol, on children with ADHD. The ASTride intervention combines sensory, cognitive, and emotional elements, using horse care, riding exercises, and reflective activities to improve attention, mood, and self-regulation. The session involves structured activities, such as preparing the horse, riding, and practicing motor skills, all while being guided by an occupational therapist and a certified riding instructor. Results showed that after just one session, children demonstrated significant improvements in mood, including increased feelings of calm, self-efficacy, and control. They also showed enhanced motor skills, as reflected in their ability to maintain posture and balance during the riding exercises. These improvements suggest that EAOT could be a valuable addition to traditional ADHD treatments, offering both emotional and motor benefits. Although the study was preliminary and involved a small number of participants, it highlights the potential of EAOT as a promising intervention for children with ADHD. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the long-term effects of this approach.