With numerous advantages over conventional techniques, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has become a viable method for the effective extraction of biomolecules from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The fundamentals and workings of UAE are examined in this review, focusing on current developments, including how these impact the extraction of proteins, lipids, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. UAE not only enhances cell disruption and mass transfer, leading to improved extraction yields, but also preserves the integrity of the extracted bioactive molecules under optimized conditions, making it a preferred choice in Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Additionally, this review explores recent innovative approaches that combine ultrasound with other techniques like enzymatic digestion, supercritical CO2, deep eutectic solvents, and Three-Phase Partitioning (UA-TPP) etc, to further enhance extraction efficiency. The differences in extraction effectiveness between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are attributed to cellular structure and ultrasonic conditions. Overall, this review highlights UAE's promise as a viable and efficient substitute for biomolecule extraction concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells while bringing up areas that need additional research and development.
Keywords: Biomolecules; biotechnology; eukaryotic cells; extraction efficiency; prokaryotic cells; ultrasound-assisted extraction.
Illustrates recent advances in Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods of biomolecules from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsExamined the fundamental processes by which ultrasound affects prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.The paper underlines the sustainability aspect of ultrasound-assisted techniques.Highlights UAE relevance across multiple disciplines, connecting industrial processing, chemistry, and biotechnology.