Hypomagnesemia is a risk factor for acute kidney injury in patients admitted with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective observational study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is correlated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Hypomagnesemia has been found to be associated with an elevated risk of AKI in various patient populations. Nonetheless, the relationship between hypomagnesemia and AKI incidence in patients with STEMI has not been fully elucidated. The study aims to investigate the association between admission serum magnesium levels and the development of AKI in patients with STEMI.

Materials and methods: A total of 1,219 patients with STEMI were retrospectively included in this study and assigned to the hypomagnesemia and non-hypomagnesemia groups. Hypomagnesemia was defined as a serum magnesium level < 0.75 mmol/L. The primary study outcome was AKI Incidence during hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between serum magnesium levels and AKI incidence.

Results: Overall, 163 patients (13.4%) met the hypomagnesemia criteria, and 256 (21.0%) patients developed AKI. The AKI incidence was significantly higher in the hypomagnesemia group compared to the non-hypomagnesemia group (31.9% vs. 19.3%; P <0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis, adjusted for demographic characteristics and other confounding variables, revealed that hypomagnesemia is a risk factor for AKI (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.61-3.62; P< 0.001).

Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia at admission is an independent predictor for AKI occurrence in patients with acute STEMI. Therefore, interventions targeting serum magnesium levels to mitigate AKI risk may warrant clinical consideration.