Improved emulsifying and foaming properties of ovalbumin and antioxidant activity of (-)-gallocatechin gallate: Effects of ultrasound-assisted glycation based on natural deep eutectic solvents and noncovalent binding

In this study, ultrasound-assisted glycated ovalbumin (G-UOVA) based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) was prepared using response surface optimization. The binding affinity of (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) to native OVA (NOVA), ultrasound treated OVA (UOVA), glycated OVA (GOVA), and G-UOVA followed G-UOVA > GOVA > UOVA > NOVA. The effects of various modifications and GCG binding on the secondary structure, particle size, and thermal stability of NOVA were investigated. After ultrasound-assisted glycation, the emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foaming activity, and foaming stability of NOVA increased by 61.9 %, 119.0 %, 36.0 %, and 47.1 %, respectively, and further increased due to GCG binding. The encapsulation of native and modified OVA, particularly G-UOVA, significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of GCG. The degradation of GCG encapsulated by G-UOVA decreased from 100 % to 20.9 % within 10 h. This study can lay the foundation for further applications of NADES in related fields.