LGBTQ+ youth policy and mental health: Indirect effects through school experiences

J Res Adolesc. 2025 Mar;35(1):e13052. doi: 10.1111/jora.13052.

Abstract

The link between state policies and LGBTQ+ youth mental health is well-established, yet less well-understood are the mechanisms that drive these associations. We used a sample from the LGBTQ+ National Teen Survey (n = 8368) collected in 2022 to examine whether and to what degree LGBTQ+ inclusive school strategies, student perceptions of school safety, and experiences with bias-based bullying and peer victimization explain the association between state LGBTQ+ youth-focused policies and LGBTQ+ youth mental health symptomology. We observed significant indirect effects between policy and LGBTQ+ youth mental health through all four constructs, suggesting that each of these more proximal school experiences was independently implicated in this association. Findings underscore how state policies shape LGBTQ+ youth mental health symptomology via more proximal contexts and emphasize the importance of policy implementation following enactment.

Keywords: LGBTQ+ policy; LGBTQ+ youth; bias‐based bullying; mental health; peer victimization; school climate; school safety.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Bullying* / psychology
  • Crime Victims / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Health*
  • Peer Group
  • Schools* / organization & administration
  • Sexual and Gender Minorities* / psychology
  • Students / psychology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States / epidemiology