Strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa allows tracing origins of victims of the transatlantic slave trade

Affiliations

• ¹ Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
• ² Anthropology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
• ³ Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.
• ⁴ Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁵ Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶ Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁷ Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.
• ⁸ Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
• ⁹ Departments of Anthropology and Sociology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.
• ¹¹ Environmental Stewardship Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
• ¹² Laboratório de Arqueociências (LARC)-DGPC and CIBIO | BIOPOLIS, 1300-418, Lisbon/ IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ¹³ Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
• ¹⁴ Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
• ¹⁵ German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁶ Ecological Modeling, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
• ¹⁷ Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.
• ¹⁸ Department of Anthropology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA.
• ¹⁹ Chimbo Foundation, Oudemirdum, the Netherlands.
• ²⁰ Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
• ²¹ Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
• ²² Centre for Archaeology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ²³ School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA.
• ²⁴ Department of Archaeology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
• ²⁵ School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
• ²⁶ Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
• ²⁷ K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
• ²⁸ Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
• ²⁹ Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Serra Hunter Programme, Barcelona, Spain.
• ³⁰ Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal.
• ³¹ School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
• ³² RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.
• ³³ Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
• ³⁴ School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ³⁶ Botanical Garden, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
• ³⁷ Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
• ³⁸ Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
• ³⁹ Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Anthropology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
• ⁴¹ Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Kane'ohe, HI, USA.
• ⁴² Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁴³ School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁴⁴ Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
• ⁴⁵ Korup Rainforest Conservation Society, Korup National Park, Mundemba, SW Region, Cameroon.
• ⁴⁶ Save the Dogs and Other Animals, Cernavoda, Cernavoda, CT, Romania.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁴⁹ Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
• ⁵¹ Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
• ⁵² Gashaka Primate Project, Serti, Taraba, Nigeria.
• ⁵³ Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
• ⁵⁵ WWF Cameroon Country Office, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁵⁷ University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK.
• ⁵⁸ Institut des Sciences Cognitives, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France.
• ⁵⁹ Tai Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
• ⁶⁰ Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Biologie, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
• ⁶¹ Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg-Member of the Leibniz Association, Görlitz, Germany.
• ⁶² International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany.
• ⁶³ Anthropology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. [email protected].