A multiplex microarray lateral flow immunoassay device for simultaneous determination of five mycotoxins in rice

Saowalak Adunphatcharaphon; Oluwatobi Kolawole; Thanasat Sooksimuang; Waraporn Panchan; Wannee Wasuthep; Anuwut Petdum; Grit Pichayawaytin; Rungroj Jintamethasawat; Narusorn Doljirapisit; Armote Somboonkaew; Prae Noppakuadrittidej; Sudtida Kaew-Amdee; Manlika Makornwattana; Julie Meneely; Christopher T Elliott; Awanwee Petchkongkaew; Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri

doi:10.1038/s41538-024-00342-2

A multiplex microarray lateral flow immunoassay device for simultaneous determination of five mycotoxins in rice

NPJ Sci Food. 2024 Dec 31;8(1):116. doi: 10.1038/s41538-024-00342-2.

Authors

Saowalak Adunphatcharaphon^{1

2}, Oluwatobi Kolawole^{1

3}, Thanasat Sooksimuang^{1

4}, Waraporn Panchan^{1

4}, Wannee Wasuthep^{1

4}, Anuwut Petdum^{1

4}, Grit Pichayawaytin^{1

5}, Rungroj Jintamethasawat^{1

5}, Narusorn Doljirapisit^{1

5}, Armote Somboonkaew^{1

5}, Prae Noppakuadrittidej^{1

6}, Sudtida Kaew-Amdee^{1

6}, Manlika Makornwattana^{1

6}, Julie Meneely³, Christopher T Elliott^{1

2

3}, Awanwee Petchkongkaew^{1

2

3}, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
² School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
³ Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
⁴ National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
⁵ National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
⁶ National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
⁷ International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand. [email protected].
⁸ Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. [email protected].
⁹ National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand. [email protected].

Abstract

Co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins is a growing global food safety concern due to their harmful effects on humans and animals. This study developed an eco-friendly sample preparation method and an innovative multiplex microarray-based lateral flow immunoassay, using a novel portable reader for on-site simultaneous determination of five regulated mycotoxins-aflatoxin B₁, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisin B₁ in rice. The eco-friendly and ultrafast extraction procedure utilizes a bio-based solvent. Principally, the microarray signals generated through a novel luminescent organic dye were captured to quantify mycotoxin levels in samples using a portable reader installed with a user-friendly interface. The assay demonstrates accurate detection and quantification of these mycotoxins, with recoveries ranging from 77% to 127%. Detection limits ranged from 0.56 to 1.89 μg/kg, which were well below their regulatory limits, with a relative standard deviation below 25%. This analytical system provides an on-site method for detecting multiple mycotoxins in rice.