A Narrative Review of Combat Sports Injuries With a Particular Focus on Cervical Spine Injuries

Combat sports encompass a wide range of disciplines, each associated with distinct injury patterns and mechanisms. From karate to wrestling, athletes face varying degrees of injury risks, with common clinical presentations including head injuries, strains, sprains, fractures, and concussions. These injuries often result from dynamic movements, physical contact, and high-impact collisions inherent to combat sports. Diagnostic approaches such as plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play vital roles in assessing injuries, guiding treatment decisions, and ensuring optimal outcomes for athletes. Despite advancements in imaging technology, challenges such as false-positive results underscore the importance of clinical re-evaluation to avoid unnecessary interventions and minimize the risk of long-term complications. Following injury diagnosis, the focus shifts to treatment, recovery, and prevention strategies aimed at enhancing athlete well-being and mitigating injury risks. Prompt and appropriate emergency care, including stabilization techniques and wound management, lays the groundwork for subsequent interventions. Recovery and rehabilitation processes are tailored to the specific needs of each athlete, addressing factors such as injury severity, demographics, and sport-specific demands. Quality of life considerations underscore the profound impact of severe sports injuries on physical health and psychological well-being, emphasizing the importance of holistic support and resources for athletes. Preventive measures, including rule modifications, equipment design enhancements, and concussion prevention initiatives, are vital for creating safer sporting environments and minimizing the incidence and severity of injuries. By addressing the complexities of injury management, recovery, and prevention in combat sports, stakeholders can promote athlete safety, well-being, and long-term participation in sports.