The Moreton Lecture Series: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Inhibition

South Med J. 2025 Jan;118(1):9-13. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001775.

Abstract

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex regulator comprising hormones, proteins, and enzymes. The discovery of the RAAS and its pharmacological manipulation has been essential in the management of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Beyond the benefits of hypertension, RAAS inhibition has implications for heart failure, atherosclerotic disease, and kidney disease. This review discusses the history and mechanism of RAAS inhibition, cardiovascular benefits, affordability, and potential future pharmacological therapies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / physiopathology
  • Heart Failure / drug therapy
  • Heart Failure / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Kidney Diseases / drug therapy
  • Kidney Diseases / physiopathology
  • Renin-Angiotensin System* / drug effects
  • Renin-Angiotensin System* / physiology

Substances

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors