Global, regional and national burdens of chronic kidney disease due to T1DM and T2DM among adolescents and young adults aged 10-35 years from 1990-2021: A trend analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021

Backgrounds: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of diabetes, which is rising among adolescents and young adults worldwide, but data on the trends of these diseases are sparse. This study examined the burden of CKD due to type 1 diabetes (CKD-T1D) and type 2 diabetes (CKD-T2D) among those aged 10-35 from 1990 to 2021 on global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, joinpoint regression analysis and decomposition analysis were employed to identify significant changes in CKD-T1D and CKD-T2D trends, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Results: Globally, CKD-T1D incidence rose until 2019 before declining, while CKD-T2D incidence declined initially, then increased after 2019. Males generally had higher values of all indicators, except for CKD-T1D prevalence, which was higher in females. Central Latin America saw the largest mortality increase, while Oceania had the highest mortality rates. Oceania countries reported the highest DALYs for both CKD types in 2021.

Conclusion: The burden of CKD-T1D and CKD-T2D showed a pandemic-related shift. Middle-SDI countries face high incidence and mortality, while high-SDI countries report lower mortality but higher prevalence. Public health interventions are especially needed in low and middle-SDI countries and island nations.