Mycobacterial infections of the cardiovascular system are rare and only a few reports provide detailed pathological information. This report presented a rare case of asymptomatic myocardial mycobacterial infection identified at autopsy. The patient died from pulmonary thromboembolism. The Myocardial mycobacterial lesions were found during the histological examination. Although myocardial tuberculosis was considered highly probable, real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on paraffin-embedded heart and lung tissues were negative. This report discusses the predisposed populations, routes of dissemination, clinical manifestations, associations with cardiovascular events, and diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterium infections, with a focus on myocardial tuberculosis, to enhance clinicians' understanding of myocardial mycobacterium infections.
心血管系统分枝杆菌感染十分少见，而有详细病理信息的报道较少。本文报道了1例罕见的无症状心肌分枝杆菌感染尸检病例，患者死于术后肺动脉血栓栓塞，在尸检中偶然发现心肌分枝杆菌感染病灶，推测为心肌结核可能性较大，但死后心脏与肺脏石蜡组织结核分枝杆菌实时荧光定量PCR检测为阴性。另外，本文对分枝杆菌感染（重点对心肌结核）的好发人群、播散途径、临床表现、与心血管意外事件的关联以及诊疗进行讨论，以期提高临床医生对心肌分枝杆菌感染的认识。.