Multi-scale feature fusion of deep convolutional neural networks on cancerous tumor detection and classification using biomedical images

In the present scenario, cancerous tumours are common in humans due to major changes in nearby environments. Skin cancer is a considerable disease detected among people. This cancer is the uncontrolled evolution of atypical skin cells. It occurs when DNA injury to skin cells, or a genetic defect, leads to an increase quickly and establishes malignant tumors. However, in rare instances, many types of skin cancer occur from DNA changes tempted by infrared light affecting skin cells. This disease is a worldwide health problem, so an accurate and appropriate diagnosis is needed for efficient treatment. Current developments in medical technology, like smart recognition and analysis utilizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, have transformed the analysis and treatment of these conditions. These approaches will be highly effective for the recognition of skin cancer utilizing biomedical imaging. This study develops a Multi-scale Feature Fusion of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Cancerous Tumor Detection and Classification (MFFDCNN-CTDC) model. The main aim of the MFFDCNN-CTDC model is to detect and classify cancerous tumours using biomedical imaging. To eliminate unwanted noise, the MFFDCNN-CTDC method initially utilizes a sobel filter (SF) for the image preprocessing stage. For the segmentation process, Unet3+ is employed, providing precise localization of tumour regions. Next, the MFFDCNN-CTDC model incorporates multi-scale feature fusion by combining ResNet50 and EfficientNet architectures, capitalizing on their complementary strengths in feature extraction from varying depths and scales of the input images. The convolutional autoencoder (CAE) model is utilized for the classification method. Finally, the parameter tuning process is performed through a hybrid fireworks whale optimization algorithm (FWWOA) to enhance the classification performance of the CAE model. A wide range of experiments is performed to authorize the performance of the MFFDCNN-CTDC approach. The experimental validation of the MFFDCNN-CTDC approach exhibited a superior accuracy value of 98.78% and 99.02% over existing techniques under ISIC 2017 and HAM10000 datasets.