Silicon reduces lead accumulation in Moso bamboo via immobilization and suppression of metal cation transporter genes in roots

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous element that affects the growth and development of plants, while silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for alleviating the stress caused by heavy metals, including Pb. However, the mechanisms of Si reduce Pb accumulation in Moso bamboo remain unclear. In this study, physiological assessments and transcriptome analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction between Si and Pb. Our findings showed that Si application has no significant effect on alleviating Pb-induced inhibition of root elongation and dry weight in short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. However, it did rescue leaf yellowing, reduce Pb accumulation, particularly in the shoot. Pre-treatment with Si led to a reduction in Pb uptake, translocation, and accumulation, coupled with an increase in Pb fixation within the hemicellulose of the root cell wall, resulting in a lower Pb concentration in the cell sap. At the cellular level, Pb was found to be distributed in all cells of roots, and Si pre-treatment did not alter Pb distribution. Additionally, Si application down-regulated the expression of genes related to ABC and metal cation transporters. These findings indicate that Si reduces Pb accumulation in Moso bamboo by immobilizing Pb in the hemicellulose of root cell walls and down-regulating the expression of transporter genes involved in Pb uptake and transport.