Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely utilized synthetic polymer, favored in various applications for its desirable physicochemical characteristics and widespread accessibility. However, its extensive utilization, coupled with improper waste disposal, has led to the alarming pollution of the environment. Thus, recycling PET products is essential for diminishing global pollution and turning waste into meaningful materials. Therefore, this study proposes the fabrication of electrospun membranes made of recycled PET nanofibers as a cost-effective valorization method for PET waste. ZnO nanoparticles were coated onto polymeric materials to enhance the antimicrobial properties of the PET fibers. Morphostructural investigations revealed the formation of fibrillar membranes made of unordered nanofibers (i.e., 40-100 nm in diameter), on the surface of which zinc oxide nanoparticles of 10-20 nm were attached. PET@ZnO membranes demonstrated effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds, while imparting no toxicity to amniotic fluid stem cells. In vivo tests confirmed the materials' biocompatibility, as no side effects were observed in mice following membrane implantation. Altogether, these findings highlight the potential of integrating ZnO nanoparticles into recycled PET to develop multifunctional materials suitable for healthcare facilities (such as antimicrobial textiles) and biomedical devices, including applications such as textiles, meshes, and sutures.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity; biocompatibility; electrospun membranes; polyethylene terephthalate nanofibers; recycling; zinc oxide nanoparticles.